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In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If ''T'' is a linear transformation mapping R''n'' to R''m'' and is a column vector with ''n'' entries, then : for some ''m''×''n'' matrix A, called the transformation matrix of ''T''. There are alternative expressions of transformation matrices involving row vectors that are preferred by some authors. ==Uses== Matrices allow arbitrary linear transformations to be represented in a consistent format, suitable for computation. This also allows transformations to be concatenated easily (by multiplying their matrices). Linear transformations are not the only ones that can be represented by matrices. Some transformations that are non-linear on a n-dimensional Euclidean space R''n'', can be represented as linear transformations on the ''n''+1-dimensional space R''n''+1. These include both affine transformations (such as translation) and projective transformations. For this reason, 4×4 transformation matrices are widely used in 3D computer graphics. These ''n''+1-dimensional transformation matrices are called, depending on their application, ''affine transformation matrices'', ''projective transformation matrices'', or more generally ''non-linear transformation matrices''. With respect to an ''n''-dimensional matrix, an ''n''+1-dimensional matrix can be described as an augmented matrix. In the physical sciences, an active transformation is one which actually changes the physical position of a system, and makes sense even in the absence of a coordinate system whereas a passive transformation is a change in the coordinate description of the physical system (change of basis). The distinction between active and passive transformations is important. By default, by ''transformation'', mathematicians usually mean active transformations, while physicists could mean either. Put differently, a ''passive'' transformation refers to description of the ''same'' object as viewed from two different coordinate frames. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transformation matrix」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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